Necking, beading, and bulging in soft elastic cylinders

Due to surface tension, a beading instability takes place in long enough fluid column that results the breakup of and formation smaller packets with same overall volume but area. Similarly, soft elastic cylinder under axial stretching can develop an if tension is large enough. This occurs when force reaches maximum fixed or force. However, unlike situation fluids where develops finite wavelength, for hyperelastic solid subjected combined action stretching, linear bifurcation analysis predicts critical wavelength infinite. We show, both theoretically numerically, localized solution bifurcate sub-critically from uniform solution, character resulting depends on loading path. For stretch variable corresponds bulge depression, necking, depending whether greater than certain threshold value dependent material model equal 23 neo-Hookean. At this single value, solutions cease exist becomes exceptionally supercritical. either force, depression bulge, respectively. explain why diagrams previous numerical experimental studies look as were supercritical although it was not meant to. Our shows solids are fundamentally different. Fluid Plateau–Rayleigh follows whereas general subcritical akin phase transition.